Sunday, 11 November 2012
week 12 ( 29/10/2012 - 2/11/2012)
Final assessment
For this week, i focusing with my FYP assessment especially project proposal. In my proposal, i put all the detail and compile all research and testing part related with my project.
week 11 ( 22/10/2012 - 26/10/2012 )
I Implementation project
For the implementation, this task have
currently testing and troubleshoot the error of all of the software and
hardware necessary to implement the components of this project this semester.
Our focus, now, is in developing the GSM modem and MAX 232 interface circuits
for the activities, and in fine-tuning the details of the activities have
proposed. This project approach is to continue sending and receiving sms
application using GSM modem during the development stage to create a
controlling the system that is well matched with the phone.
Their progress through the activities
will be documented, and we will identify the problem and
modify to improve this project. Finally, we will produce a plan for
actual implementation, including potential device and details on the physical
infrastructure of PIC for the programming language . If there is a positive
progress, we will continue our work in supporting this project to its
realization until competed.
week 10 ( 15/10/2012 - 19/10/2012 )
CURRENT SENSOR
The basic principles
Open Loop Operating Principle
In a hall effect-based current sensor, the magnetic flux, proportional to the primary current, is concentrated in gapped magnetic corecontaining the hall effect device (Fig. 1). The primary current is measured without electrical contact with the primary circuit providinggalvanic isolation.
From Figure 1, the magnetic flux, concentrated in the gap of themagnetic core, induces a potential difference, Vh, the Hall voltage,given by the Vh=k*Ic*B. The output signal of the Hall device, Vh, isthen further amplified by additional internal signal conditioning circuitryto provide an output voltage proportional to the primary current.
Closed Loop Operating Principle
In a closed loop current sensor the same principles apply with theaddition of a secondary coil and feedback circuitry. The closed loop or‘zero-flux’ hall effect sensor feeds back an opposing current into asecondary coil wound on the magnetic core to zero the flux producedin the magnetic core by the primary current. The output current of aclosed loop current sensor is an exact representation of the primarycurrent scaled by the number of turns in the secondary coil. As with theopen loop design the closed loop design provides galvanic isolation.
The output of a closed loop current sensor can be scaled with theaddition of a burden resistor, Rm1 , to produce a voltage level outputproportional to the primary current.
week 9 ( 8/10/2012 - 12/10/2012 )
FURTHER DEVELOPMENT PROJECT
Because ADT is a plugin for Eclipse, you get
the functionality of a well-established IDE, along with Android-specific
features that are bundled with ADT. The
development of android version is very wide and most students build their
project using android. So, this project is suitable to develop in power
distribution monitoring system. Still in research and simulate the android
using Android SDK software.
week 8 ( 1 /10/2012 - 5/10/2012 )
GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE
A GUI (usually pronounced GOO-ee) is a graphical (rather than purely textual) user interface to a computer. The term came into existence because the first interactive user interfaces to computers were not graphical; they were text-and-keyboard oriented and usually consisted of commands i had to remember and computer responses that were infamously brief. The command interface of the DOS operating system is an example of the typical user-computer interface before GUIs arrived. An intermediate step in user interfaces between the command line interface and the GUI was the non-graphical menu-based interface, which let i interact by using a mouse rather than by having to type in keyboard commands.
The type of graphical user interface that i gonna used for my project :
- Visual Basic
- Visual Basic is a third-generation event-driven programming languages and integrated development environment (IDE) from Microsoft for its COM programming model first released in 1991. Visual Basic is designed to be relatively easy to learn and use. Visual Basic was derived from BASIC and enables the rapid applications development (RAD) of Graphical User Interface (GUI) applications, access to databases using Data Access Objects, Remote Data Objects, or ActiveX Data Objects, and creation of ActiveX controls and objects.
Saturday, 27 October 2012
week 7 ( 24/9/2012 - 28/9/2012)
For this week activities, i study deeply about on how to interface the signal in the GSM modem from Programmable Interface Circuit (PIC). So, serial communication interface between micro and pc i must put max232 to convert signal from ttl level (micro) to rs232 level (pc). This is the function of max232 level converter. The MAX232 is a dual driver/receiver that includes a capacitive voltage generator to supply TIA/EIA-232-F voltage levels from a single 5-V supply. Each receiver converts TIA/EIA-232-F inputs to 5-V TTL/CMOS levels. These receivers have a typical threshold of 1.3 V, a typical hysteresis of 0.5 V, and can accept ±30-V inputs. Each driver converts TTL/CMOS input levels into TIA/EIA-232-F levels. The driver, receiver, and voltage-generator functions are available as cells in the Texas Instruments LinASIC library.
MAX232 schematic diagram
The RS232 serial port protocol (v.24) states -15v to represent binary 1 and +15v to represent binary 0. For TTL communication this is incompatible since TTL uses 0v to represent binary 0 and +5v to represent binary 1. MAX232 chip converts serial signal voltage levels to TTL standards, and also vias versa. It therefore has a driver and a receiver to perform this function.
week 6 (17/9/2012 - 21/9/2012)
In this week, the next progress schedule for my project is testing and troubleshoot all equipment used using simulation. This method is great way to prevent any possibilities of failure and error during completing the circuit at next semester. The progress needs some helps from any friends who experts in troubleshoot the error that may occur in the simulation. This part is little bit difficult to identify the problems. The progress work that i have done as shown below:
- Combine the circuit part of project
- Measure the output result
- Compare the result with actual problem
- Fix all the errors
week 5 (10/9/2012 - 14/9/2012)
In this week, i have discussed with TNB distribution worker about designing the project. All the design ideas, i have compiled together and finalize that. Both voltage and temperature sensor will connected at distribution cable to detect overvoltage and high temperature condition. The manner that i have done as shown below:
- Create the initial prototype
- Identify the operation flow
- Collect and record the result simulation data
- Finalize the prototype
week 4 ( 3/9/2012 - 7/9/2012)
During
this period, I finished for the second stage in my project schedule which is been studied and testing the hardware that used for this project. Hardware a basic electronic element that used. There are 4 criteria that i have done for completing the hadware part :
- Identify the equipment used
- Select the suitable project body
- Research the data and information
- Design the circuit
week 3 (27/8/2012 - 31/8/2012)
In this week, i have been studied the software part by creating the operation for power distribution monitoring using simulation. For software part, there are two types of software that involved for this project that have shown below:
Basically , the most suitable and easy to understand the coding flow for project operation is Assembly Languages. A programming language that is once removed from a computer's machine language. Machine languages consist entirely of numbers and are almost impossible for humans to read and write. Assembly languages have the same structure and set of commands as machine languages, but they enable a programmer to use names instead of numbers.
- GSM programming
- PIC programming
Basically , the most suitable and easy to understand the coding flow for project operation is Assembly Languages. A programming language that is once removed from a computer's machine language. Machine languages consist entirely of numbers and are almost impossible for humans to read and write. Assembly languages have the same structure and set of commands as machine languages, but they enable a programmer to use names instead of numbers.
Each type of CPU has its own machine language and assembly language, so an assembly language program written for one type of CPU won't run on another. In the early days of programming, all programs were written in assembly language. Now, most programs are written in a high-level language such as FORTRAN or C. Programmers still use assembly language when speed is essential or when they need to perform an operation that isn't possible in a high-level language.
Saturday, 29 September 2012
Week 2 ( 20/8/2012 – 24/8/2012)
Research work
After the project
ideas, the next stage to continue my final project by researching the operation
of this project form input into output method. This project detects two
condition in power distribution system problems which is overvoltage and high
temperature condition. If both condition detected, it will produce a signal
automatically to interpret the data using PIC microcontroller and then the
signal go through the GSM modem for transmit the data using sms application. For
the input, a sensor circuit designed to detects both condition and there are
three types of sensor was most suitable can be used. Those sensors are voltage
sensor, temperature sensor and current sensor.
The voltage sensor and
temperature sensor was the common sensor that I know and confidently to operate
that device. For the current sensor, I will continue for my further work
advancement project. For the output, GSM (Global System Mobile) and LCD ( Liquid Crystal Display) will be used.
Voltage sensor circuit
Precision temperature sensor
This is my simple block diagram from the input to the output.
Week 1 ( 13/8/2012 – 17/8/2012)
Project ideas
In first week, my
priority project ideas was the first thing that i should decided for my final
year project 1 assessment. So, I searched many sources and information projects
from other institute students especially engineering students. In electrical
engineering, the core of this course was basically from power system subject
which is generation, transmission and distribution systems. Each systems has
its process for operation and each of engineering students should deeply
understand. Distribution is the final stage in
the delivery of electricity to end users.
A distribution system's network carries electricity from the transmission system and delivers it to consumers. Typically, the network would
include medium-voltage (less than 50 kV) power lines,substations and pole-mounted transformers,
low-voltage (less than 1 kV) distribution wiring and sometimes meters.
It begins as the primary circuit leaves the
sub-station and ends as the secondary service enters the customer's meter
socket. Distribution circuits serve many customers. The voltage used is
appropriate for the shorter distance and varies from 2,300 to about 35,000
volts depending on utility standard practice, distance, and load to be served.
Distribution circuits are fed from a transformer located in an electrical substation, where the voltage is reduced from the high values used for
power transmission.
Then, I made a decision
to create one project related to power distribution systems. As I know,
distribution system doesn’t have monitor system from step down transformer to
end user either single phase or three phase. Monitoring system was very important
to control the electricity and temperature because those factors can caused
accidents. My project ideas known as “Power Distribution Monitoring System And
Control Using GSM Modem”.
In this
project,
a sensor circuit is designed
to log the data from the
transformer and if it is found to be in over load condition, immediately the
slave transformer will be connected in parallel to the master transformer and
the load is shared. A GSM modem is connected to this system, and it sends
message to the predefined mobile number about transformer switching data. The
uniqueness of this project is, user also can switch the slave transformer
through his mobile.
Advantages:
- Automated Load Sharing by transformers
- No manual errors
- System can be monitored and controlled from any where
- Mobile number can be changed at any time
Scopes
for Advancements:
This system is developed for mobile reporting application only. It
also can be interfaced to computer system to record and process data base.
Applications:
Process Industries, Power Grids
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